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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Strict conditional ： ウィキペディア英語版 Strict conditional In logic, a strict conditional is a modal operator, that is, a logical connective of modal logic. It is logically equivalent to the material conditional of classical logic, combined with the necessity operator from modal logic. For any two propositions ''p'' and ''q'', the formula ''p'' → ''q'' says that ''p'' materially implies ''q'' while $\backslash Box\; (p\; \backslash rightarrow\; q)$ says that ''p'' strictly implies ''q''.〔Graham Priest, ''An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic: From if to is'', 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-521-85433-4, (p. 72. )〕 Strict conditionals are the result of Clarence Irving Lewis's attempt to find a conditional for logic that can adequately express indicative conditionals in natural language.〔Nicholas Bunnin and Jiyuan Yu (eds), ''The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy'', Wiley, 2004, ISBN 1-4051-0679-4, "strict implication," (p. 660 ).〕 They have also been used in studying Molinist theology.〔Jonathan L. Kvanvig, "Creation, Deliberation, and Molinism," in ''Destiny and Deliberation: Essays in Philosophical Theology'', Oxford University Press, 2011, ISBN 0-19-969657-8, (p. 127–136 ).〕 ==Avoiding paradoxes== The strict conditionals may avoid paradoxes of material implication. The following statement, for example, is not correctly formalized by material implication: : If Bill Gates had graduated in Medicine, then Elvis never died. This condition should clearly be false: the degree of Bill Gates has nothing to do with whether Elvis is still alive. However, the direct encoding of this formula in classical logic using material implication leads to: : Bill Gates graduated in Medicine → Elvis never died. This formula is true because a formula ''A'' → ''B'' is true whenever the antecedent ''A'' is false. Hence, this formula is not an adequate translation of the original sentence. An encoding using the strict conditional is: : $\backslash Box$ (Bill Gates graduated in Medicine → Elvis never died.) In modal logic, this formula means (roughly) that, in every possible world in which Bill Gates graduated in Medicine, Elvis never died. Since one can easily imagine a world where Bill Gates is a Medicine graduate and Elvis is dead, this formula is false. Hence, this formula seems a correct translation of the original sentence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strict conditional」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.